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In his book 'Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States, " published in August 2017, James C. Scott, a professor of political sciences at Yale, presents a plausible contender for the most important piece of technology in the history of man. It is a technology so old that it predates Homo sapiens and instead should be credited to our ancestor Homo erectus. That technology is so old that it predates Homo sapiens and instead should be credited to our ancestor Homo erectus. That technology is fire. We have used it in two crucial, defining ways. The first and most obvious of these is cooking. As Richard Wrangham has argued in his book "Catching Fire," our ability to cook allows us to extract more enery=gy form the food we eat, and also to eat a far wider range of foods. Our closest animal relative, the chimpanzee, has a colon three times as large as ours because its diet of raw food is so much harder to digest. The extra caloric value we get from cooked food allowed us to develop our big brains, which absorb roughly a fifth of the energy we consume, as opposed to less than a tenth for most mammals brains. That difference is what has made us the dominant species on the planet. The other reason fire was central to our history is less obvious to contemporary eyes: we used it to adapt the landscape around us to our purposes. Hunter -gathers would set fires as they moved, to clear terrain and make it ready for fast -growing, prey-attracting new plants They would also drive animals with fire.

1.The main focus of the passage is on-

• A. importance of fire with Homo sapiens
• B. importance of fire with Homo sapiens
• C. importance of fire with Homo sapiens
• D. importance of fire with Homo sapiens

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