Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. It is focused on the extent to which work is done and the end result achieved.

Demographic dividend

Demographic dividend is the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population. Demographic dividend occurs when the proportion of working people in the total population is high because this indicates that more people have the potential to be productive and contribute to growth of the economy. Due to the dividend between young and old, many argue that there is great potential for economic gains, which has been termed the demographic gift. In order for economic growth to occur the younger population must have access to quality education, adequate nutrition and health. Demographic dividend takes place when a country undergoes a demographic transition from a rural agrarian economy with high fertility rates to an urban industrialized economy with low fertility and mortality rates.

Perseverance

Introduction
Perseverance is the unwavering determination to achieve a goal despite difficulties, obstacles, or discouragement. It is the quality that separates those who succeed from those who give up when challenges arise. Throughout history, perseverance has been the driving force behind countless achievements in science, literature, sports, and personal growth. It is a trait that builds character and fosters resilience, making it an essential element for success in life.

Importance of Perseverance
Perseverance is the foundation of progress. It teaches us to keep pushing forward even when the path seems uncertain or overwhelming. Whether it is a student striving to excel academically or an athlete aiming to break records, perseverance helps individuals overcome setbacks and achieve their dreams. It also nurtures patience and discipline, two qualities that are crucial for personal and professional growth.

Examples of Perseverance

Historical Achievements:
History is filled with examples of perseverance leading to success. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, faced thousands of failures before achieving success. When asked about his failures, he famously said, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." His perseverance illuminated the world.

In Literature:
Authors like J.K. Rowling faced numerous rejections before their work gained recognition. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series is now one of the most beloved and successful literary franchises in the world, proving that perseverance can transform dreams into reality.

In Sports:
Athletes like Michael Jordan and Serena Williams have achieved greatness by consistently overcoming challenges. Jordan was famously cut from his high school basketball team, but his perseverance turned him into a global icon.

Challenges to Perseverance
While perseverance is an admirable trait, maintaining it is not always easy. Doubt, fear of failure, and criticism from others can discourage individuals from pursuing their goals. External pressures, such as financial struggles or lack of support, also test one's ability to persevere. However, with a strong mindset and a clear vision, these challenges can be overcome.

How to Cultivate Perseverance
Developing perseverance requires practice and commitment. Setting realistic goals and breaking them into smaller, achievable steps can help maintain focus and motivation. Surrounding oneself with supportive and inspiring individuals fosters resilience. Additionally, learning from failures instead of being discouraged by them helps cultivate a mindset of growth and determination.

The Role of Perseverance in Personal Growth
Perseverance not only leads to external success but also contributes to personal development. It builds self-confidence and teaches valuable life lessons about patience, hard work, and the power of persistence. Through perseverance, individuals learn to embrace challenges and emerge stronger, more capable, and better prepared for future endeavors.

Conclusion
Perseverance is a powerful trait that drives individuals to overcome obstacles and achieve their aspirations. It is the backbone of progress and the hallmark of true success. While the path to success is rarely smooth, those who persevere find fulfillment and growth in their journey. By embracing perseverance, we can turn our dreams into reality and inspire others to do the same. As the saying goes, "Perseverance conquers all things."

If you don't follow the traffic rules, you will be punished.

Canada is one of the coldest countries in the world. (Comparative) = Canada is colder than most other countries in the world. 

Only Allah can help us. (Negative) =  None but Allah can help us. 

He said to her, "I'll meet you tomorrow." (Indirect) = He told her that he would meet her the next day. 

সে তোমার মতো বুদ্ধিমান নয়।

= He is not as wise as you.

তিনি একজন পন্ডিত ব্যক্তি।

= He is a man of letter.

কারো কর্তব্যে অবহেলা করা উচিত নয়। 

= Nobody should neglect duty.

সে কখনো মিথ্যা কথা বলে না।

= He never tells a lie.

সে তার বুদ্ধির সাহায্যে সাফল্য লাভ করেছিল। = He achieved success by his own intelligence

I wonder at his ignorance.

He is proficient in music.

গতকাল মাননীয় অর্থমন্ত্রী সংসদে বাজেট পেশ করেছেন। 

= Yesterday the honorable finance Minister presented the budget in Parliament.